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Last night I took my daughter to a local community orchestra concert. The theme was 20th Century Russians. They played Festive Overture by Shostakovich, Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini by Rachmaninoff, the March from The Love for Three Oranges by Prokofiev, and then Shostakovich's entire 5th Symphony.

The strings, woodwinds, and brass sections were seated in a fairly typical fashion, but I was surprised to see the percussionists seated way over to the right, directly behind the cellists and bassists, instead of in the back like I've seen in a lot of other concerts. Another surprise was that for the Rachmaninoff piece, they wheeled an enormous concert grand piano out to front and center, obscuring the conductor with its open lid. That made more sense to me as we listened to the piece, which is very piano-centric.

While listening, I tried to make observations about the sounds that I could hopefully apply to my virtual orchestrations. One thing I noticed is that being seated about two thirds of the way back in the audience, the left/right stereo effect of the players' seating was not nearly so exaggerated as sometimes heard in virtual orchestration. Sure, I could close my eyes, and the first violins section sounded like it was kind of over on the left, and the basses sounded kind of over on the right, but the whole sound was much more centered than my own virtual orchestrations.

Sometimes I would find that one of the sections was doing something interesting that I wanted to hear, only to be eclipsed by a louder instrument. This happened a few times during the Rachmaninoff piece; I wanted to hear what the woodwinds were doing, and the pianist would passionately dive into some solo that made it hard to hear the woodwind players.

Another thing I noticed is that some of the articulations have way more nuance than I generally think about when doing compositions. For example, I often think of tremolo as being a single articulation that can be used on each string section, but it seemed like the tremolo parts were played in a lot of different ways. Sometimes the bows would barely move back and forth, resulting in a sort of shimmering sound. Other times there would be longer bow strokes with a much more turbulent result.


One of the pizzicato parts was much more quiet than I thought it would be, and I don’t think that it was just because the notation dictated that it should be played softly. The violinists and violists were rapidly plucking the strings to play 16th notes, and I wondered if the soft sound was a result of the fact that they just didn’t have enough time during each note to pluck the strings very hard.

If anything, I wanted to hear more Prokofiev! That part was only two minutes! It was so short that the audience hesitated to applaud, wondering if it would continue after a short pause. They played about an hour of Shotakovich, but only two minutes of Prokofiev.
No Rimsky-Korsakov? Sorry, I've just been on a Scheherazade kick lately. The recording I own of that piece has really brought to my attention some of the things you noticed in your live listening experience. The dynamics are HUGE and some of the parts sound obscure at times--outdone by zealous performances on other, louder instruments. I think in my case the recording was intentionally "over-dynamic" though, as it is one of those late 1980s, "ALL DIGITAL RECORDING OMG!"s, so I think they were trying to debunk the whole "digital vs analog" dynamics loss thing...

You are probably right about the pizzi strings. The players simply would not be able to apply major force to a sustained passage of fast pizzi notes. So the sound would necessarily be a little more subdued.

I think one thing we have going for us in VO is that we get to sit in the ideal spot of the concert hall. I would imagine that where one sat in a real hall would have some effect on one's perception of where sounds were coming from. Although sometimes directional ambiguity does seem to be something of a desired trait in an acoustically ideal space.
I read somewhere that f pizzicato generally matches, volume-wise, mf or mp sustatin. Pizzicato is a lot quieter than our sample libraries would observe. The different varieties of tremolo are also rather interesting. Here's the blog post from DeBreved about it - I highly recommend the blog, it's marvelously informative, though it is also strongly opinionated. The writer of the blog is Tim Davies, who most recently orchestrated Mothersbaugh's score for The Lego Movie 2.

I think the reason for the stereo separation differences is because as virtual orchestrators we perceive ourselves to be the "conductor" of the pieces and so think about how we'd hear the music from that perspective, instead of the audience's.
A wider spatial separation between instruments also makes it easier to distinguish individual instruments from each other. In a live performance you can see the musicians, which helps you to tell who's playing what. On a recording you don't have that, so you have to rely on your ears. Stereo separation helps you to do that.
^ Most recordings are done with the primary array being above the conductor's head, or in the 'good seats' (about half a dozen to a dozen rows back from the stage).

Pizzicato is indeed quite a bit quieter (at least the non-"Bartok" variety), but the worst offender for strings in my mind is col legno- it's an insanely quiet articulation that easily gets boosted 12+ dB in most libraries. The so-called 'Pizzicato Polka' is an excellent example of the dynamic range possible with pizzicato-
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xsOwumN3utE
(you can hear how amplified & compressed that recording is to make everything fit! The tambourine is positively deafening compared to the pizzicati)

The difference in tremolo sound is just tremolo dynamics (pp vs. ff). Libraries which don't include multiple dynamics of tremolo, or even miss real tremolo entirely, make tremolo seem like a quite aggressive sound when it can be positively sublime in the right circumstances. Similarly, measured vs. unmeasured tremolo can be a powerful tool, with a measured tremolo being more like a series of quick martele (think like classical/baroque period strings) while unmeasured tremolo is more what is used to achieve that 'shimmering' sound, where players do the tremolo at different rates. Tremolo can also be very expressive in the sense of how the tremolo is begun, either with an accented first note or going 'straight into' the tremolo (same as trills).